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Lyde Green Roman Villa, Emersons Green, South Gloucestershire was excavated between mid-2012 and mid-2013 along with its surroundings and antecedent settlement. The excavations took place as part of the Emersons Green East Development Area, funded through the mechanism of commercial archaeology by Gardiner & Theobald LLP. The results of the stratigraphic analysis are given here along with specialist reports on the human remains, pottery (including thin sections), ceramic building material, small finds, coinage and iron-working waste. Six open-area excavations allowed the archaeologists the rare opportunity to trace a substantial part of the site's layout. Three ancillary buildings within the villa compound, including a bathhouse, were excavated. Evidence of advanced water management was uncovered in the form of lead piping, ceramic drain tiles and an enigmatic stone structure built into a canalised spring line. The villa's economy included stock raising, crop processing and iron and textile production. The settlement appears to have originated in the mid-1st century AD, or slightly earlier.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology

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Waterlands: Prehistoric Life at Bar Pasture, Pode Hole Quarry, Peterborough recounts a decade-long archaeological investigation at Bar Pasture Farm, Pode Hole Quarry, Peterborough, and represents one of the most significant landscape excavations carried out in recent years. The 55-hectare archaeological dig was the scene of human activity on the fenland edge from the Mesolithic through to the Late Iron Age, although the majority of the evidence covered the period from the Early Neolithic through to the Middle Bronze Age. Throughout prehistory, the fen edge has represented a landscape at the margins of human habitation and exploitation. During the Early Neolithic, a substantial waterhole complex with signs of later visitation was established on the fen edge. Traces of several Beaker buildings provided elusive evidence of slightly later activity further inland, whilst during the Early Bronze Age proper, a number of impressive burial mounds were constructed within a dedicated 'Barrow Field'. One barrow contained the nationally significant remains of an infant burial on a birch bark mat with associated grave goods. The Middle Bronze Age saw the entire re-organisation of the surrounding landscape by the creation of an extensive, rectilinear field system, served by multiple droveways and associated with a classic enclosed farmstead. The placement of later Middle Bronze Age cremation burials within the remains of earlier burial monuments bears witness to the intimate connection of this small community to their ancestors' sacred landscape. By the 4th century BC, settlement was all but abandoned due to marine inundations, although one slightly elevated part of the landscape formed an area of refuge for an Iron Age smith and his family, who created an isolated and significant smithy.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology

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This is the final definitive publication of the excavations that were conducted by the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem on the site of the Crusader castle of Belmont (Suba), in the Judaean hills west of Jerusalem, between 1986 and 1989. The excavations and associated documentary research indicate that Belmont began its existence as a manor house or maison-forte in the first half of the twelfth century; at that time it probably represented the country seat of a fief-holding knight on the royal domain. By the 1140s, however, the areain which Belmont lay had been acquired by the Hospital of St John, which subsequently developed nearby Abu Ghosh (identified as biblical Emmaus) as the centre for an extensive estate. Following the Hospitallers takeover, while another former maison-forte, Aqua Bella, was converted into a priory orinfirmary building, Belmont was extended and developed as a concentric castle, dominating the landscape round about. A polygonal outer ward was added to the original rectangular maison-forte on the top of the hill, and ranges of vaulted buildings were constructed within it. This castle fell toSaladin in 1187, and was slighted by the Ayyubids in 1191. After this, the site was occupied by a village until 1948. The account of the excavation is preceded by a historical introduction and a discussion of the castles archaeological setting. It is followed by specialist reports on the coins and tokens, pottery, ceramic lamps, Persian seal impressions, glass, metalwork, clay tobacco pipes, and objects of stone,bone and terracotta. A detailed analysis and discussion is provided of the faunal remains; and a concluding chapter discusses the castles architecture and planning, its military functions, and its economic role within an agricultural estate that developed in the the later twelfth century to producefood and revenue for the Hospital in Jerusalem.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology

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Die Entstehung komplexer Siedlungen im Zentraloman: Archaologische Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsgeschichte von Al-Khashbah presents the results of a survey conducted in 2015 and beyond by the Institut fur die Kulturen des Alten Orients of the Universitat Tubingen in Al-Khashbah, one of the largest Early Bronze Age sites on the Omani Peninsula. Ten monumental buildings, 273 tombs and other structures from the Hafit (3100-2700 BC) and Umm an-Nar periods (2700-2000 BC) were documented here. This makes Al-Khashbah ideally suited for the investigation of the beginnings of complex settlements and social structures in northern Inner Oman at the transition from the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC, because many of the achievements previously attributed to the Umm an-Nar period, such as monumental architecture and the smelting of copper, can already be proven here in the preceding Hafit period. In the Umm an-Nar period, the development of Al-Khashbah continues steadily, giving the site additional importance. According to the results of the survey, however, copper production at the site no longer seems to play a role in this period. From the epochs of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC as well as the 1st and 2nd millennium AD, which followed the Early Bronze Age, there are extremely few findings in Al-Khashbah. It was not until the 18th-20th centuries AD that the site experienced an intensive revival, as evidenced in particular by the old mud-brick settlement in the north of the palm oasis, a small settlement in the east of the study area, a number of irrigation systems, several cemeteries, petroglyphs and numerous Late Islamic pottery sherds found on the surface.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Oman --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology